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bird conservation
Bird conservation is a field in the science of conservation biology related to threatened birds. Humans have had a profound effect on many bird species. Over one hundred species have gone extinct in historical times, although the most dramatic human-caused extinctions occurred in the Pacific Ocean as humans colonised the islands of Melanesia, Polynesia and Micronesia, during which an estimated 750-1800 species of bird went extinct.〔Steadman D, (2006). ''Extinction and Biogeography in Tropical Pacific Birds'', University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-77142-7.〕 According to Worldwatch Institute, many bird populations are currently declining worldwide, with 1,200 species facing extinction in the next century.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Worldwatch Paper #165: Winged Messengers: The Decline of Birds )〕 The biggest cited reason surrounds habitat loss.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Help Migratory Birds Reach Their Destinations )〕 Other threats include overhunting, accidental mortality due to structural collisions, long-line fishing bycatch, pollution, competition and predation by pet cats,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Protect Backyard Birds and Wildlife: Keep Pet Cats Indoors )〕 oil spills and pesticide use and climate change. Governments, along with numerous conservation charities, work to protect birds in various ways, including legislation, preserving and restoring bird habitat, and establishing captive populations for reintroductions.
See Late Quaternary prehistoric birds for birds which disappeared in prehistoric and early historic times, usually due to human activity (i.e., starting with the Upper Paleolithic Revolution). For birds having gone extinct in modern times (since 1500), see List of extinct birds.
==Threats to birds==
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